Pambere 1863 wandafike, silicon - vipangizo ivyo vikaŵa na ŵanthu awo ŵakamanyikwanga na kugwiliskirika ntchito na ŵanthu ŵakaŵa ŵambura kupangika na silicon, kusazgapo silikoni yachilengiwa {{- pafupifupi vinthu ivyo vikasintha kuŵa vinthu vya mazuŵa ghano nga ni ceramics, simenti, na galasi. Mu 1863, ŵasayansi ŵa ku France C. Feidedel na JM raft ŵakapanga tetrathyl ya tetrathyl na umo ethyl wakachitira na silicon tetrafluoride mu chubu chakujalirika. Iyi yikaŵa chinthu chakwamba icho chikapangika mu mdauko. Ici cikaŵaso kwamba kwa kemiko ya orginilicon.
Kufuma nyengo iyo, chemikosi, nyengo zose ŵakapanga vyakupangika viphya vya organisilicon. Pakati pawo, nchakwenelera kuzunura A. Lamenberg, iyo yikugwiriskira ncito ethyl orthosilicate kuti yinjilire mu malo gha silicon tetrachloride na kucita vinthu na alkyl zinc kuti ŵasange vyakupangika vya organicosilicon na mono -, II-, na III silicon vikugwira nchito, na A.Polis, ivyo vikupanga vyose vyakwamba vyose-ryanene, tetraphenylline, kwizira mu CAWurtz reaction. Mu vyaka 40 mpaka mu 1903, nangauli palije vinthu vya tekinoloje ivyo vikakhozgera nadi kukura kwa silicone vikapangika, ŵasayansi ŵakachitanga ntchito zinandi za upayiniya mu nyengo iyi. Ntheura, chigaŵa ichi chingawoneka nga ni nyengo iyo silikoni wakambiska.
Munthu wakumanyikwa chomene uyo wakuchemeka FSKipping uyo wakamanyikwanga kuti ni uyo wakambiska chemistry ya organisicon. Kufuma mu 1898 m’paka 1944, wakacita kafukufuku wakukwana na mu -}depth mu cigaŵa ici ndipo wakalutilira kusindikizga mapepara ghakukhwaskana na 51 mu Journal of the Chemical Society ya United Kingdom.
Mu 1904, W na Dithey wa ku Germany uyo wakusambira vya kemiko, ŵakasanga kuti vyakupangika vya organisilicon vingapangika kwizira mu ivyo vikuchitika mu Grignard. Nthowa iyi yikaŵa yakunozgeka chomene pa nthowa zachitsulo zakale -organic synthesis chifukwa cha kusoŵa kwake kwakugwira ntchito, vipambi vinandi, mtundu wakugwiriskira ntchito chomene ndiposo chivikiliro chapachanya. Nthowa iyi yingagwiliskirika nchito kuti yipangire vinthu vyakupambanapambana vyakupangika na organisilicon ivyo vili na vinthu vyakupambanapambana vya silicon .
Kip -} kupanga nambala yikuru ya magwero gha organivolicon mwakugwiriskira ncito nthowa iyi. Nthowa iyi yikazgoka fawundeshoni ya mafakitale gha orginilicon munthazi, ndipo yikulutilira kuŵa nthowa yimoza yakuzirwa comene yakusangirako viŵaro vya organisilicon mazuŵa ghano. RMgCl + SiCl- RSiCl: + RSiCl + R:SiC1+ RSi +MgCl,(2.3)Kugaŵa viŵaro vyakupangika na ŵanthu mwakugwiliskira ntchito nthowa ya Grignard reagent ndipo ŵakasanga kuti ŵangaŵa na hydrolyzed kuti ŵapange silanols. Pa nyengo yeneyiyo, wakawonaso kuti silanediol na siltriol vingaŵa kuti vikuchitikaso kuti viŵe na mtundu wa polymers. Ndipouli, pakuŵa munthu uyo wakaŵa na vyakumera vyakupangika na ŵanthu, wakaŵikangako mahara yayi ku ivyo wakacita ndipo wakacita nanga ni vinthu ivi vya polymer. Ntheura, wakaŵasambiranga yayi. Pa nkhani iyi, Dilyy wakachita ntchito yakuzirwa: wakaphakazga diphenylsilanediol kuti wasange hexanylwiloxane. Ichi ndicho chinthu chakwamba cha polyliloxane icho chikuyowoyeka mu mdauko. Ni mupayiniya mu kupanga silicon silicon-}}xane, ndipo kwiza kwake kwachitako ntchito yiwemi chomene pakukhozgera kukura kwa organisilicon polymers.
Kufuma mu 1904 m’paka 1937, ŵasayansi ŵakapanga waka vinthu vinandi vyambura kusuzga vyakupangika na organosilicon, kweni ŵakapangaso vithuzithuzi vyakuzungulira na vyakuzungulira vya polysiloxysaccharides. Kusazga apo, A.Stock yasanga kuti pali silanhydrides zinandi mu kafukufuku wakuzirwa ndipo yayamba kupanga vyakupangika vya atomu vya silicon atom. Vilimika makumi ghatatu ivyo vyajumpha vikaŵa vyakukura kwa organisicon chemistry.
Pamanyuma pa 1930s ŵa Chemist ŵakamba kumanya ivyo ŵakulindilira kuti ŵagwiriskirenge nchito pa vyakupangika vyakukwera -}molecular organosicular vyakupangika. Ŵanthu ŵakwamba awo ŵakasanda mu chigaŵa ichi ichi ŵakasazgapo JFHyde of Corning Glass Company ku United States, WJ Petnode na EGRochow ya General Electric (GE) ku United States, na KA ya Soviet Union Andrianov na BNDolgov, R. Miller kufuma ku Germany, na vinyake
Hyde, mwakupambana na umo Kipping wakawoneranga, ndiyo wakaŵa wakwamba kusazgako organisicon chemistry na kemiko ya polymer. Pakulongozgeka na iyo, Corning Inc. wakapanga silikoni resini, vyakuvwara, vyakupangira vinthu na vinyake vinandi vyakupangika na polyganiloxane kuti ŵapangire salu ya galasi yakuvikilira magesi. Pa nyengo iyi, DowChemicals wa United States nayo wakamba kufufuza vyakupanga vya polyganoluloxanes na vyakumera vyakuyezgayezga vya mafuta gha silicone na resin ya methyl silicone mu 1942. Pa nyengo iyo, vipangizo vyakupangika na ŵanthu vikakolerana chomene na nthowa ya Grignard, ntheura kupereka kwa monomers kukazgoka chinthu chikuru icho chikakhwaska kukura kwa organisilicon polymers pa nyengo iyo nyengo. Mu 1940, Rochow wakapanga "nthowa yakulongozgeka" ya methylsilane ndipo wakapempha patent. Nthowa iyi yikugwiriskira ncito yayi vyakumazga. Ni gasi {{{{rikall}} sloce phase reaction apo chloromethane yikuŵikika mwaluŵiro mu silicon powder iyo yili na mtundu wa mkuwa (Equation 2.4). Pa nyengo iyi pera, Muller uyo wakaŵa na chemist Muller nayo wakapempha patent yakuyana waka, kweni zuŵa ilo likaŵa pakwamba likaŵa la myezi 9 kuluska la Rochow. Ivyo vikawovwira chomene ivi vyapangiska kuti paŵe kusintha kukuru pa kupanga silicone ndipo kwapangiska kuti mafakitale gha silikoni ghaŵe na kukura kukuru.
Mu 1943, Munthu uyo wakuchita maseŵero gha pa kompyuta na Corning Inc. Mwaluŵiro kampani iyi yikapanga DC #4 kuŵika vinthu pa malo ghakujalira ndipo yikagwiliskira ntchito makora pa ndege zapachanya -kutali. Pamanyuma, kampani iyi yikapanga mitundu yakupambanapambana ya silikoni resini, vyakuvwara, mafuta ghakukhozgera, mafuta ghakuthukira, mafuta ghakuthukira, ma defoamer na vinthu vinyake. Mu 1947, kampani ya General Electric Company yikakhazikiskaso chigaŵa cha organisilicon, icho chikapanga gasi la organosilicon na nthowa yakudunjika ndipo chikapanga vinthu vyakupangika na polysiloxane. Nthowa yakupangira vinthu vya ku General Electlect Company yikazomerezgeka na mafakitale gha silikoni ghakulondezgapo.
Kafukufuku wakukhwaskana na umo silikoni wakaŵira mu Soviet Union wakale ukaŵa wakupambana chomene, chomenechomene Andrianov. Padera pa kugwira ntchito zinandi pa polysiloxane polymers na kupanga ma polymer ghanandi gha organisilicon na mtengo wakugwiriskira ncito, wakambiskaso vinthu vinyake nga ni boron, aluminiyamu, titanium, tin na phosphorus mu kapangikiro ka polysiloxane kuti ŵasinthe. Wakaŵaso munthu wakwamba kugwiliskira nchito silazane nga ni vyakuvwara vyakubisa maji.
Pamanyuma pa umaliro wa Nkhondo Yaciŵiri ya Caru Cose, cifukwa ca kugwiliskira nchito makora vinthu vya silikoni pakupanga ŵasilikari, mafakitale gha silikoni ghakapangika mwaluŵiro comene ndipo kupanga kwake vyose vikayamba pa nthowa ya nyengo zose. Mu vilimika vya m’ma 1950, makampani ghakupanga vinthu vya silikoni ghakakhazikiska mwakulondezganako mu vyaru vyakupambanapambana. Vinthu vyakupambanapambana vya silicone polymer, nga ni silikoni labala (kusazgapo pachanya - kutentha kwa raba, labala wakuzizima wa chipinda, labala wa silikoni wakuwonekera, mafuta -}} burber ya fluorosilicone, na vinyake), mafuta gha pampu ghakuthandazgika, resin ya lamicone, silicone emulsion, silicone surfactan, olifanti ya silicone, opera, opera, opera, opere ya opera, opera opera, opera opera, opera opera, opera opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera opera, opera opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, opera, uloŵevu. anti- agent, chinthu cha silikoni rabala, na vinyake, vyawoneka chimoza panyuma pa chinyake.
Pakati pa 1938 na 1965, mu fundo na kugwiriskira ncito; Makemikolo gha organisicon ghakuluta panthazi mwaluŵiro mu monomers na ma polymers. Apa, fundo zikuru izo zikwenera kukhozgeka zikusazgapo: vyakuchitika vya silicylation, vyakuchitika vya hydrosilylation, kafukufuku pa vyakupangika vyakuwoneka, kupanga vyakupangika vya organisilicon ivyo vili na magulu ghakugwira ntchito gha carbon, kufufuza nthowa zakuchitira vinthu, kusintha kwa nthowa za polymerization, ndiposo kuwoneka kwa mafuta gha silikoni, silikoni labala, na kuphatikizgika. Palije kukayika kuti nyengo iyi yikaŵa nyengo yakukura ya silikoni
Kufuma mu 1965, padera pa kukhozga, kupanga, kunozga na kugwiliskira nchito ivyo vyacitika ivyo vilipo, ŵanthu nawo ŵali kuzgokera ku malo ghaphya gha organisicon chemistry. Pakati pawo, awo ŵakumanyikwa ni: organosicon stereochemistry, organisilicon vyakupangika na ntchito ya thupi, cyclic na linear polysilanes, silicon - mitundu yakupambanapambana ya vyakuchitika vyapakati, vyakupangira vyakukolerana vya silicon, vyakusazgapo vya mphete za ternary ivyo vili na silicon, silicon {{}}mel bond compounds, polysilane block ŵa copolymers, sesquiloxanes, silikoni -ŵanzeru na hyperbranched dendritic na hyperbranched polymer vyakupangika, na vinyake. Ici cikupangiska kuti vinthu vya silikoni viŵe na mpikisano. Kulutilira kukura kwa vinthu vinandi vya multi{8}} ntchito na vyapachanya -} performance silicone, nga ni polysiloxanes zachipatala, zakulongozga na zakutenthemeska, kwalutilira kukura kwa ndondomeko yawo yakugwiriskira ntchito. Vinthu vya silicone vikunjira nyengo zose mu vigaŵa vyakupambanapambana vya chuma cha charu mu mitundu yikuru nga ni mafuta gha silikoni, silikoni raba, silikoni resini, na vipangizo vyakukolerana vya silane.